"Integrating aboveground-belowground relationships into land-use systems" Richard Bardgett Department of Biological Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK Homepage Richard Bardgett is Professor of Ecology at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom. He graduated in Soil and Land Resource Science from the University of Newcastle, before gaining a Ph.D. in Soil Ecology at the University of Lancaster. Afterwards, he held posts at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research and then Manchester University, before returning north to Lancaster University. Richard's primary research interest is the study of linkages between plant and soil communities, especially how soil organisms and their interactions influence nutrient cycling and the productivity and diversity of natural and managed plant communities. Most of his work is focused on temperate grasslands, but he also works in other ecosystems, such as those of arctic and alpine regions, and more recently the tropics. He is an Editor of the Journal of Ecology and serves on the editorial boards of Ecology Letters, Ecosystems, and Soil Biology and Biochemistry. He is also a member of the steering committee of the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA), a cross-cutting network of the international DIVERSITAS initiative, and acts on various advisory boards and funding committees. Richard was elected an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 2006.

"Institutions for Conserving Biodiversity in an Era of Global Change" Kamaljit S. Bawa 1. Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA 2. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) Bangalore, India Homepage Kamal Bawa, a conservation biologist, obtained his doctoral degree form Panjab University, India. He has held Bullard and Cabot Fellowships at Harvard University, and has also been named a Guggenheim Fellow as well as a Pew Scholar in Conservation and the Environment. Currently, a Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of Massachusetts at Boston, Kamal Bawa, has published more than 180 papers, and edited eight books, monographs or special issues of journals. He is the editor-in-chief of Conservation and Society, an interdisciplinary journal in conservation, and also serves on the editorial boards of several other journals. He has served on many national and international advisory panels. He has been the President of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, and a member of the governing board of several foundations and non government organizations. Kamal Bawa is the Founder-President of the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), a non-governmental organisation devoted to research, policy analysis, and education in India (www.atree.org). He is also a Founder-Trustee of the Center for Interdisciplinary studies in Environment and Development, Bangalore, India (www.cised.org).

"Functional aspects of tropical biodiversity, revealed by gradient analysis" Erwin Beck Institute of Plant Physiology Gebäude NW1 Universitätsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany Homepage Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Erwin Beck, born November 1937 in Munich, is professor Plant Physiology at the University of Bayreuth, Germany. He studied Biology, Chemistry, and Geography at the University of Munich and Technical University of Munich. His doctoral thesis deals with Plant Systematics on Chemotaxonomy of Centrospermae (1963), and he became lecturer for Botany at the Technical University of Munich in 1968. He became associate professor at the University of Munich (1969 - 1975) and professor for Plant Physiology at the University of Bayreuth in 1975 where he continued to teach and research until becoming Professor emeritus in 2006. His main laboratory research work focuses on photosynthesis, plant biochemistry, cell culture, and plant molecular biology. His main field research focuses on plant ecophysiology and vegetation analysis in East Africa, Nepal, and South America. Prof. Beck has more than 200 publications in refereed scientific journals and books. He is editor as well as author of several books in Plant Science and Biology. He was President of the German Biologists Association (1989 -1992) and President of the German Botanical Society (1995 - 2002). He has taken over the function as Treasurer of the International Union of Biological Sciences in 2004. He is Speaker of the DFG Research Unit 402 on Functionality in a Mountain Rainforest in South Ecuador (2002 -2007).

"Sustaining Economic Growth, Rural Livelihoods, and Environmental Benefits: Strategic Options for Forest Assistance in Indonesia" Timothy H. Brown Sr. Natural Resource Management Specialist World Bank Office Jakarta Jakarta Stock Exchange Building, Tower 2 12th Floor Jl. Jenderal Sudirman, Kav. 52-53 Jakarta 12190, Indonesia Homepage Dr. Timothy Brown is an economist specializing in environmental and natural resource management and planning issues with over twenty-four years of experience in project management, program development, policy analysis, and institutional development. He has experience in developing and overseeing decentralized governance initiatives with regional government partners and civil society organizations. In Indonesia, Nepal, Mali, and the USA, Dr. Brown has worked on natural resource governance, forest economics, regulatory incentives, industry structure analysis, water pollution control programs, management of coastal and marine resources, community livelihoods, environmental and socio-economic impact assessment, training program development, environmental financing, institutional capacity strengthening, and donor program coordination. As overall manager of USAID's Natural Resources Management Project in Indonesia, he managed a complex project with multi-disciplinary implementation teams and a consortium of implementing firms, based in four regional capitals, as well as a team of policy analysts, economists, and environmental scientists based in Jakarta. Under Dr. Brown's direction, the NRM project focused on building capacity in local government for planning and management, reaching out to civil society through campaigns and media, using participatory approaches and public consultation to engage stakeholders in legislative and budgeting processes, developing sustainable local livelihoods, especially among women, and increasing transparency and accountability through participation and constituency building. Dr. Brown holds a doctorate in Environmental and Resource Economics from the University of California at Berkeley. Dr. Brown joined the World Bank Office in Jakarta as Senior Natural Resources Management Specialist, Advisor in July 2005. He is assisting the Indonesia environment program with work related to the management of natural resources, including policy analysis, activity management and program development. Dr. Brown is assisting the Forest Governance Advisor with implementation of the FY06 Forestry Work Program and coordinating development and management of GEF biodiversity projects, in collaboration with the Environment Department in Washington. He is also guiding the development of forest, conservation and environment projects funded under the Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Aceh. He will also be helping to develop new project concepts, including emerging policy reform work with CSIRO and developing concepts with for mainstreaming environment into sectoral lending.

"Cacao agroforestry: an ecological perspective on synergy potentials between agriculture and conservation" Yann Clough Agroecology Georg-August University of Göttingen Waldweg 26 37073 Göttingen Germany Homepage Yann Clough is a post-doctoral researcher in the agroecology group at the University of Göttingen, Germany. His research focuses on the deteminants of diversity in ecosystems with special attention to the effects of agricultural management and landscape composition on the diversity of species of temperate and tropical ecosytems.

"Genetic variation of dipterocarps: from molecular phylogenies to the identification of the origin of timber" Rainer Finkeldey Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding Büsgenweg 2 Georg-August University of Göttingen 37077 Göttingen Germany Homepage Reiner Finkeldey is the head of the section 'Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding' at Göttingen University. He obtained degrees in Forestry of the Temperate Region and Tropical Forestry, a PhD in Forestry, and a Habilitation (postdoctoral lecturing qualification) in Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding. He had long-term assignments in different Asian (Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand) and European (Sweden, Switzerland) countries before he joined Göttingen University in 2001. His main research interests are (i) adaptation mechanisms and tree improvement at the molecular level, (ii) links between genetic diversity, biodiversity at higher levels, and processes in managed and unmanaged ecosystems, and (iii) conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic resources of tropical forest trees. He is first author of the book Tropical Forest Genetics (together with HH Hattemer; Springer, 2007) and has authored or co-authored more than 50 publications on forest genetic resources in scientific journals.

"Links between paleoclimates and human history" Gerald Haug Geologisches Institut CHN H 70.1 Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland Homepage Gerald H. Haug is Professor for 'Climate Geology' at ETH Zürich, Switzerland. His main research interests involve climate change on 'geologic' to annual timescales, paleoceanography, limnogeology, and biogeochemical cycling processes in the oceans and lakes. Periods of interest include times of climatic extremes in Earth history, such as the Pliocene thermal maximum, the late Plio-Pleistocene ice ages, and the rapid climate changes that have occurred over the last glacial cycle and during the Holocene. To explore possible mechanisms for such major changes in the environmental conditions on Earth, we use diverse geochemical and sedimentological methods, including light stable isotopes of foraminifera and organic matter, biomarkers, and novel high-resolution analytical echniques such as scanning microXRF. We pursue diverse sedimentary archives, from the open ocean, isolated marine basins, and freshwater lakes.

"Human Landscapes in Sulawesi: The impact of people on tropical rainforest since prehistoric times" Wiebke Kirleis Environmental Archaeology Human Development in Landscapess Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24098 Kiel Germany Homepage Since May 2008 Wiebke Kirleis is Junior Professor for Environmental Archaeology at the Graduate School "Human Development in Landscapes" and the Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology at Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany. Her main research interests are past human-environmental interactions, vegetation history and the history of agriculture. The biologist studied botany, anthropology and environmental history at Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany. At the Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research at Wilhelmshaven, Germany, she worked on her PhD thesis "Pollen analytical and archaeobotanical studies in agriculture and landscape development at the prehistoric settlements near Rullstorf, Northeast Lower Saxony". As a postdoc she has carried out archaeobotanical investigations on Early Neolithic agriculture in southern Lower Saxony at the Seminar of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology at Georg-August-University Goettingen. A project hosted at the Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Ancient Monuments, Wuensdorf, Germany, dealt with the Holocene landscape history of northern Brandenburg. Within the framework of the Collaborative Research Centre 586: "Difference and Integration" conducted by the Universities of Halle-Wittenberg and Leipzig, Germany, she has reviewed pollen records from the Middle East to find out whether climatic change was one driving factor for the decline of the Mid-Assyrian empire in the second millennium BC. Most recently she was researcher in the German-Indonesian Collaborative Research Centre 552: STORMA, Subproject C7, Stability of rainforest margins in space and time: Holocene rainforest, climate, fire, human impact and land use dynamics in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

"Institutions, Growth, and Rainforest Conversion" Stephan Klasen Chair in Development Economics Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3 Georg-August University of Göttingen 37073 Göttingen Germany Homepage Stephan Klasen is professor of development economics at the University of Göttingen. He holds a Ph.D. from Harvard University where his Ph.D. focused on measuring and analyzing gender bias in mortality. Since then, he has held positions at the World Bank in Washington DC and South Africa, King's College in Cambridge, UK, and the University of Munich, Germany. He is a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences, the European Development Network, and the Scientific Advisory Council of the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. His research focuses on measurement and analyses of poverty, equity, and growth in developing countries. On these topics, he has also consulted for international organizations including the World Bank, the OECD, UNDP, UNESCO, ILO, DFID, and German development cooperation.

"Modelling the dynamics of land use change and greenhouse gas emissions at the tropical forest margins" Robin Matthews Climate Change Theme Leader Macaulay Institute Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH UK Homepage Dr Robin Matthews is currently the Climate Change Theme coordinator at Macaulay Institute, and has been working nationally and internationally in the field of tropical agriculture and environmental sciences ranging over a period of 30 years. This has included modelling the impact of climate change on growth and yield of rice, the effect of rice cultivation on methane production, carbon sequestration under biomass plantations, and the sustainability of C and N in cropping systems. He has been involved in various DFID-funded projects including agricultural intensification in tropical forest margins. He is also an expert reviewer of the IPCC Working Group II (WGII) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4): Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. He is a member of the Scottish Government Agriculture & Climate Change Stakeholder Group, and has recently contributed to a project for the UK Office of Climate Change developing Marginal Abatement Cost Curves for the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use sector in the UK. His current research interests are in the processes of change and adaptation in coupled socio-ecological systems in response to external drivers, and in using complex adaptive systems ideas and integrated modelling approaches, particularly agent-based and network models, to understand these processes.

"ENSO drought effects in Southeast Asia - their past, present and future" Gerald Moser Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences Georg-August University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany Homepage Dr. Gerald Moser is a plant ecologist focusing on carbon allocation, and particularly on the ratio of above- to belowground compartments of trees under different stress conditions. In Ecuador Dr. Moser has studied the biomass partitioning in a tropical montane rainforest along an altitudinal gradient from 1000 to 3000 m a.s.l., showing a dramatic shift from the aboveground tree compartments to fine and coarse roots, mainly caused by an increasing nutrient limitation along the slope. In the ongoing investigation phase of the STORMA project, located in and around the National Park Lore Lindu in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, he coordinates a throughfall displacement experiment, conducted in a primary rainforest and a cocoa agroforestry system, to simulate drought periods naturally occurring during ENSO events. Beside the coordination he studies various effects of soil drought on the fine and coarse root systems of trees, on carbon allocation and on cocoa yields.

"Making forestry works for climate change mitigation and adaptation" Daniel Murdiyarso Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia Homepage Daniel Murdiyarso is currently holding a position as senior scientist at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). He received his first degree in Forestry from Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia. His PhD was obtained in 1985 from the Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK. He is a Professor at the Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB. His research works are related to land-use change and biogeochemical cycles, climate change mitigation and adaptation. He has published a large number of articles in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters on these areas. He was a Technical Adviser for the World Bank on the development of BioCarbon Fund. Dr Murdiyarso was a Convening Lead Author of the IPCC Third Assessment Report and the IPCC Special Report on Land-use, Land-use Change and Forestry. Recently he served as Review Editor of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. He is currently a member of the Planning Group of ICSU Program on Environmental Hazards and Disasters. In 2000 he served the Government of Indonesia as Deputy Minister of Environment for two years, during which he was also the National Focal Point of the UNFCCC and CBD. Since 2002 Professor Murdiyarso is a member of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences.

"Agroforests on the interface of adaptation to and mitigation of climate change" Meine van Noordwijk International Centre for Research in Agroforestry ICRAF SE Asia P.O.Box 161, Bogor 16001, Indonesia Homepage

"Turning up the Heat! Carbon-Climate-Human Interactions in Tropical Peatlands - Positive Feedbacks to Global Warming" Susan Page Senior Lecturer & Deputy Head of Department Department of Geography University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK Homepage I am an ecologist with interests in wetland ecology and functioning and wildlife conservation. My research primarily concentrates on tropical peatland ecosystems in Southeast Asia. Many people still find it hard to believe that there are extensive peatlands in the tropics: after all, peat bogs are usually associated with the cool, wet, midge-infested regions of the world! There are, however, ~40 million hectares of peatlands in the tropics, mainly located in Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea. In a natural condition, they support peat swamp forest, which provides a habitat for rare and endangered species. Underground, thick peat layers, accumulated over thousands of years, often exceed a depth of 10 m and store enormous amounts of carbon. Since 1998, I have been involved in research projects investigating the ecology and natural resource functions of these systems. My work has focused on forest biodiversity, impacts of land use change and fire, role in the tropical carbon cycle, and opportunities for ecosystem restoration. My research has emphasized how important it is to convert scientific knowledge into policy and practice; this transfer of expertise is being facilitated through the EU-funded Carbopeat project which is working to identify key issues and critical gaps in our understanding of tropical peatland carbon dynamics and analyse implications for policy.

"Land use, biomass harvesting and ecosystem services in a theoretical integrated ecological-economic model" Rüdiger Pethig University of Siegen Department of Economics Hoelderlinstr. 3 57068 Siegen Germany Homepage Rüdiger Pethig graduated in economics (Diplom-Volkswirt) at the University of Münster. He received his Ph.D. and Habilitation in economics from the University of Mannheim. During 1979 - 1988 he was Professor of Economics and Public Finance at the University of Oldenburg, and he now is Professor of Economics and Public Finance at the University of Siegen. Since the early 1970s his research focus is on environmental and resource economics dealing with a wide range of issues covering as ecological tax reform; waste management and recy-cling; economics of water resources; valuation of environmental goods, international and global environmental pollution and overlapping instruments for pollution control. Over the last years he published various papers on the theory of integrating ecosystems and the economy in journals such as Agricultural Economics, Ecological Modelling, Environmental and Resource Economics, Journal of Bioeconomics, Journal of Economics, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Natural Resources Mod-eling and Social Choice and Welfare. He is a founding member of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and he was the Association's president during 1994 - 1995.

"The importance of countryside habitats and wooded corridors for maintaining species richness of tropical birds and butterflies." Christian Schulze Faculty of Life Sciences University of Vienna Althanstraße 14 1090 Wien Austria Homepage After receiving his doctoral degree from the University of Bayreuth (Germany) in the year 2000 and four years of post-doctoral experience as research associate at the Universities of Göttingen (Germany; 2000-2003) and Bayreuth (2003-2004), Christian H. Schulze was appointed as assistant professor and vice-head of the Department of Population Ecology, University of Vienna in November 2004. His scientific interests are in biodiversity research, conservation biology, island biogeography and the ecology of birds, dung beetles and Lepidoptera. He conducted research in Europe, Central America and West Africa, but his main geographical focus is on Southeast Asia, where he is particularly interested in effects of anthropogenic forest disturbance on biodiversity.

"Success Factors of the Protection and Sustainable Use of Tropical Rainforests in Biosphere Reserves and Protected Areas" Susanne Stoll-Kleemann Sustainability Science and Applied Geography Institute of Geography and Geology Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 16 17487 Greifswald Germany Homepage Susanne Stoll-Kleemann serves as Full Professor and Chair of Sustainability Science and Applied Geography at the University of Greifswald. She studied geography and social sciences at the Technical University of Berlin where she also received her PhD in 1999. She leads the interdisciplinary Research Group GoBi (Governance of Biodiversity). In this research project, together with her Ph.D. students, Susanne investigates success and failure factors of protected area and biosphere reserve management and governance on a global level. Before she became a Full Professor Susanne was a senior researcher at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. Her research interests are in the human dimensions of global environmental change, especially in the areas of biodiversity research, sustainable natural resources management and climate change. Susanne is the Vice-President of the German Society of Human Ecology. She is a member of the Expert Working Group on 'Ecosystem Services' for the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) as well as of the National Advisory Board of DIVERSITAS Germany. She serves as a continuous reviewer of research projects and proposals for the European Commission since the 5th Research Framework Programme.